WAEC Biology Questions and Answers 2025/2026

WAEC Biology Questions and Answers 2025/2026

Instructions: Choose the correct option from A–D. Only one option is correct.

The basic unit of life is the:
A) Organ
B) Tissue
C) Cell
D) Nucleus
Answer: C) Cell
The structure responsible for photosynthesis is the:
A) Mitochondrion
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleus
D) Chloroplast
Answer: D) Chloroplast
In mammals, the kidney functions in:
A) Digestion
B) Circulation
C) Excretion
D) Reproduction
Answer: C) Excretion
Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
A) Glycerol
B) Glucose
C) Fatty acid
D) Amino acid
Answer: B) Glucose
Which of these is not a characteristic of living organisms?
A) Movement
B) Respiration
C) Sensitivity
D) Decay
Answer: D) Decay
The part of the microscope that controls the amount of light entering is the:
A) Eyepiece
B) Objective lens
C) Mirror
D) Diaphragm
Answer: D) Diaphragm
Which kingdom contains multicellular organisms that make their own food?
A) Fungi
B) Protista
C) Animalia
D) Plantae
Answer: D) Plantae
Which of the following is used for gaseous exchange in fish?
A) Lungs
B) Spiracles
C) Gills
D) Skin
Answer: C) Gills
In sexual reproduction, gametes are produced by the process of:
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Budding
D) Binary fission
Answer: B) Meiosis
The largest organ in the human body is the:
A) Liver
B) Heart
C) Skin
D) Kidney
Answer: C) Skin

Which of the following is a non-vascular plant?
A) Fern
B) Moss
C) Pine
D) Palm
Answer: B) Moss
The human backbone is made up of:
A) Ligaments
B) Vertebrae
C) Cartilage
D) Tendons
Answer: B) Vertebrae
The type of nutrition in which organisms feed on dead organic matter is:
A) Autotrophic
B) Parasitic
C) Saprophytic
D) Holozoic
Answer: C) Saprophytic
Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Malaria
C) Influenza
D) Ringworm
Answer: C) Influenza
The process of water loss from plant leaves is called:
A) Respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Transpiration
D) Absorption
Answer: C) Transpiration
Which component of blood is responsible for clotting?
A) Red blood cells
B) Plasma
C) White blood cells
D) Platelets
Answer: D) Platelets
The male reproductive organ in flowering plants is the:
A) Pistil
B) Ovary
C) Stamen
D) Style
Answer: C) Stamen
A population is defined as the number of:
A) Species in a community
B) Organisms in an ecosystem
C) Individuals of the same species in a habitat
D) Plants in a given area
Answer: C) Individuals of the same species in a habitat
Which of the following is an example of a vector?
A) Rat
B) Mosquito
C) Lizard
D) Termite
Answer: B) Mosquito
The hereditary material in a cell is:
A) RNA
B) DNA
C) Protein
D) Cytoplasm
Answer: B) DNA

The main product of photosynthesis is:
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Glucose
D) Chlorophyll
Answer: C) Glucose
Which of the following organisms reproduces by binary fission?
A) Amoeba
B) Mushroom
C) Fish
D) Fern
Answer: A) Amoeba
The organ that pumps blood throughout the body is the:
A) Brain
B) Kidney
C) Heart
D) Lung
Answer: C) Heart
The organ responsible for filtering urea from the blood is the:
A) Liver
B) Lungs
C) Spleen
D) Kidney
Answer: D) Kidney
In the food chain, producers are usually:
A) Animals
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Green plants
Answer: D) Green plants
The smallest bone in the human body is found in the:
A) Hand
B) Foot
C) Ear
D) Nose
Answer: C) Ear
Insects breathe through:
A) Lungs
B) Spiracles
C) Gills
D) Trachea
Answer: B) Spiracles
Which of these is not a mammal?
A) Dog
B) Cow
C) Snake
D) Man
Answer: C) Snake
The process of breaking down food into smaller pieces without chemical change is:
A) Chemical digestion
B) Absorption
C) Ingestion
D) Physical digestion
Answer: D) Physical digestion
The movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a lower one is:
A) Osmosis
B) Active transport
C) Diffusion
D) Respiration
Answer: C) Diffusion

A habitat refers to:
A) The total number of species in an area
B) The feeding habit of an organism
C) The natural home of an organism
D) The food of an organism
Answer: C) The natural home of an organism
Which of the following diseases is spread by contaminated water?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Cholera
C) Measles
D) Malaria
Answer: B) Cholera
A gene is:
A) A unit of protein
B) The site of photosynthesis
C) A unit of inheritance
D) Part of the cell membrane
Answer: C) A unit of inheritance
The green pigment in plant leaves is called:
A) Chloroplast
B) Chlorophyll
C) Carotene
D) Xanthophyll
Answer: B) Chlorophyll
Which of the following is an example of a mollusc?
A) Earthworm
B) Snail
C) Millipede
D) Ant
Answer: B) Snail
The main function of white blood cells is to:
A) Transport oxygen
B) Fight diseases
C) Aid clotting
D) Digest food
Answer: B) Fight diseases
An example of a sexually transmitted disease is:
A) Cholera
B) Tuberculosis
C) Syphilis
D) Influenza
Answer: C) Syphilis
In a plant cell, which organelle stores starch?
A) Nucleus
B) Chloroplast
C) Vacuole
D) Amyloplast
Answer: D) Amyloplast
The exoskeleton of insects is made of:
A) Protein
B) Cellulose
C) Chitin
D) Keratin
Answer: C) Chitin
Which of the following is a plant hormone?
A) Oxytocin
B) Adrenaline
C) Auxin
D) Insulin
Answer: C) Auxin

The part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination is the:
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla
D) Spinal cord
Answer: B) Cerebellum
A seed that lacks one of the cotyledons is classified as a:
A) Monocot
B) Dicot
C) Tricot
D) Nocturn
Answer: A) Monocot
A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding is called a:
A) Population
B) Species
C) Community
D) Ecosystem
Answer: B) Species
The function of the stigma in a flower is to:
A) Produce pollen
B) Protect ovules
C) Receive pollen
D) Connect to the ovary
Answer: C) Receive pollen
Which part of the alimentary canal absorbs digested food?
A) Mouth
B) Oesophagus
C) Small intestine
D) Stomach
Answer: C) Small intestine
The organ that produces insulin is the:
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Spleen
D) Stomach
Answer: B) Pancreas
The function of xylem in plants is to:
A) Transport food
B) Transport water
C) Carry out photosynthesis
D) Store nutrients
Answer: B) Transport water
Which of the following is a communicable disease?
A) Diabetes
B) Cancer
C) Measles
D) Hypertension
Answer: C) Measles
The part of the leaf where most photosynthesis occurs is the:
A) Cuticle
B) Palisade layer
C) Spongy layer
D) Vein
Answer: B) Palisade layer
Animals that feed on both plants and animals are called:
A) Herbivores
B) Carnivores
C) Omnivores
D) Decomposers
Answer: C) Omnivores

The fluid part of the blood is called:
A) Serum
B) Plasma
C) Lymph
D) Platelets
Answer: B) Plasma
The part of the cell that controls its activities is the:
A) Ribosome
B) Cytoplasm
C) Nucleus
D) Mitochondrion
Answer: C) Nucleus
Which of the following processes releases energy in cells?
A) Transpiration
B) Germination
C) Respiration
D) Digestion
Answer: C) Respiration
The respiratory surface in a toad is the:
A) Gills
B) Skin
C) Lungs
D) Spiracles
Answer: B) Skin
Which class of food is needed for tissue repair?
A) Carbohydrate
B) Protein
C) Vitamins
D) Lipids
Answer: B) Protein
The removal of metabolic waste from the body is known as:
A) Excretion
B) Egestion
C) Digestion
D) Secretion
Answer: A) Excretion
The chromosome number in a human skin cell is:
A) 23
B) 24
C) 46
D) 48
Answer: C) 46
The outermost layer of the skin is called the:
A) Dermis
B) Epidermis
C) Sebaceous layer
D) Subcutaneous layer
Answer: B) Epidermis
A plant that grows on another plant but does not derive nutrients from it is called:
A) Saprophyte
B) Parasite
C) Epiphyte
D) Symbiont
Answer: C) Epiphyte
The structure that prevents food from entering the windpipe is the:
A) Epiglottis
B) Pharynx
C) Larynx
D) Trachea
Answer: A) Epiglottis

Which of the following is responsible for the transmission of hereditary characteristics?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Ribosome
C) DNA
D) Mitochondrion
Answer: C) DNA
The organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell is the:
A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondrion
C) Nucleus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B) Mitochondrion
Which of the following organisms is a protozoan?
A) Spirogyra
B) Euglena
C) Amoeba
D) Paramecium
Answer: C) Amoeba
The condition where a person lacks enough red blood cells is called:
A) Leukemia
B) Anemia
C) Sickle-cell
D) Diabetes
Answer: B) Anemia
In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilization usually occur?
A) Uterus
B) Cervix
C) Ovary
D) Fallopian tube
Answer: D) Fallopian tube
The part of the ear that helps in maintaining balance is the:
A) Cochlea
B) Ear drum
C) Semicircular canals
D) Auditory nerve
Answer: C) Semicircular canals
Which of the following gases is absorbed during photosynthesis?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Hydrogen
D) Carbon dioxide
Answer: D) Carbon dioxide
A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function is known as an:
A) Organ
B) Organ system
C) Organism
D) Organismal group
Answer: A) Organ
The growth response of a plant to light is known as:
A) Hydrotropism
B) Geotropism
C) Phototropism
D) Thigmotropism
Answer: C) Phototropism
In humans, the sense of smell is detected by the:
A) Tongue
B) Nose
C) Ear
D) Skin
Answer: B) Nose

Which of these is a function of the skeletal system?
A) Produces enzymes
B) Aids in blood clotting
C) Protects internal organs
D) Digests proteins
Answer: C) Protects internal organs
The major site of digestion in the human body is the:
A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine
Answer: C) Small intestine
A dominant gene is one that:
A) Is weaker than others
B) Masks the effect of a recessive gene
C) Is never expressed
D) Occurs only in females
Answer: B) Masks the effect of a recessive gene
Which part of the flower develops into fruit after fertilization?
A) Stigma
B) Ovule
C) Ovary
D) Sepal
Answer: C) Ovary
What is the function of the root hair in a plant?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Reproduction
C) Water absorption
D) Transport of food
Answer: C) Water absorption
An ecosystem includes:
A) Only plants and animals
B) All living organisms in a habitat
C) Both living and non-living components
D) Only non-living factors
Answer: C) Both living and non-living components
What is the main waste product excreted by the lungs?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Urea
D) Sweat
Answer: B) Carbon dioxide
Which of the following organisms is an autotroph?
A) Fungi
B) Bacteria
C) Green plants
D) Amoeba
Answer: C) Green plants
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Vena cava
Answer: C) Pulmonary vein
The main function of the large intestine is:
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Absorption of water
C) Production of bile
D) Storage of food
Answer: B) Absorption of water

The part of the human eye that controls the amount of light entering is the:
A) Retina
B) Lens
C) Iris
D) Cornea
Answer: C) Iris
Which of these best describes osmosis?
A) Movement of water from lower to higher concentration
B) Movement of solutes across a membrane
C) Movement of water from a region of higher to lower water potential through a semi-permeable membrane
D) Movement of gas in plants
Answer: C) Movement of water from a region of higher to lower water potential through a semi-permeable membrane
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?
A) Respiration
B) Growth
C) Decay
D) Reproduction
Answer: C) Decay
What type of skeleton does a grasshopper have?
A) Hydrostatic skeleton
B) Endoskeleton
C) Exoskeleton
D) Cartilaginous skeleton
Answer: C) Exoskeleton
The female part of the flower includes the:
A) Anther and filament
B) Ovary, style, and stigma
C) Sepal and petal
D) Pollen and tube
Answer: B) Ovary, style, and stigma
What is the function of the liver in digestion?
A) Secretes insulin
B) Stores glucose
C) Produces bile
D) Absorbs nutrients
Answer: C) Produces bile
Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Measles
C) Malaria
D) Cholera
Answer: B) Measles
The tiny pores found on the surface of leaves are called:
A) Chloroplasts
B) Trachea
C) Stomata
D) Veins
Answer: C) Stomata
Which of these is a mode of asexual reproduction in plants?
A) Pollination
B) Budding
C) Fertilization
D) Crossing over
Answer: B) Budding
The combination of genes an organism carries is known as its:
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Trait
D) Allele
Answer: A) Genotype

Which organ in humans is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances?
A) Kidney
B) Pancreas
C) Liver
D) Lungs
Answer: C) Liver
The waxy layer that prevents water loss from leaves is called:
A) Cuticle
B) Stomata
C) Epidermis
D) Vein
Answer: A) Cuticle
What is the role of enzymes in the body?
A) Act as hormones
B) Speed up chemical reactions
C) Form cell membranes
D) Absorb nutrients
Answer: B) Speed up chemical reactions
Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions like breathing and heartbeat?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: C) Medulla oblongata
The blood component that helps in clotting is the:
A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Plasma
Answer: C) Platelets
Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
A) Typhoid
B) Measles
C) HIV
D) Malaria
Answer: D) Malaria
The male reproductive cell is called:
A) Ovum
B) Embryo
C) Zygote
D) Sperm
Answer: D) Sperm
In ecology, a consumer that feeds only on plants is called a:
A) Carnivore
B) Herbivore
C) Omnivore
D) Detritivore
Answer: B) Herbivore
The basic unit of classification of organisms is the:
A) Class
B) Genus
C) Kingdom
D) Species
Answer: D) Species
The term “mutation” in genetics refers to:
A) The fusion of gametes
B) A change in the DNA sequence
C) The breakdown of cells
D) A process of growth
Answer: B) A change in the DNA sequence