NECO Geography 2025/2026 Objective and Practical/Physical Geography Questions and Answers

The earth’s shape is best described as —
A. circular
B. oval
C. spherical
D. geoid
Answer: D
Lines of latitude are measured from —
A. the equator
B. the prime meridian
C. the tropic of Capricorn
D. the Arctic circle
Answer: A
Which of the following is a direct result of the rotation of the earth?
A. Change of seasons
B. Day and night
C. Revolution
D. Tides
Answer: B
Which planet is closest to the Earth?
A. Mars
B. Venus
C. Jupiter
D. Neptune
Answer: B
The type of rainfall experienced in tropical rainforests is —
A. relief
B. conventional
C. cyclonic
D. orographic
Answer: B
A topographical map is mainly used to show —
A. population distribution
B. climate zones
C. relief and drainage
D. vegetation types
Answer: C
The height of a place above sea level is known as —
A. contour
B. altitude
C. gradient
D. slope
Answer: B
Which of the following instruments measures humidity?
A. Thermometer
B. Barometer
C. Hygrometer
D. Anemometer
Answer: C
A river that ends in a desert is described as —
A. ephemeral
B. exotic
C. dendritic
D. subsequent
Answer: B
The process of breaking down rocks in situ is —
A. erosion
B. denudation
C. weathering
D. sedimentation
Answer: C
The vegetation type found in the southern part of Nigeria is —
A. savannah
B. mangrove forest
C. desert shrub
D. deciduous forest
Answer: B
A delta is likely to form at a river’s —
A. source
B. tributary
C. mouth
D. waterfall
Answer: C
The sun is directly overhead at the equator on —
A. March 21 and September 23
B. June 21 and December 22
C. April 21 and October 23
D. January 1 and July 1
Answer: A
A lake formed in a volcanic crater is called a —
A. ox-bow lake
B. lagoon
C. crater lake
D. seasonal lake
Answer: C
A narrow stretch of water connecting two larger bodies of water is called —
A. bay
B. cape
C. strait
D. gulf
Answer: C
Which of the following is not an agent of erosion?
A. Wind
B. Ice
C. Earthquake
D. Water
Answer: C
When contour lines are closely packed, it indicates —
A. flat land
B. gentle slope
C. steep slope
D. depression
Answer: C
What is the scale of a map with a representative fraction (R.F.) of 1:50,000?
A. 2cm represents 1km
B. 1cm represents 5km
C. 1cm represents 0.5km
D. 2cm represents 5km
Answer: A
A glacier is associated with —
A. arid region
B. equatorial region
C. polar region
D. savannah
Answer: C
The longest river in Africa is the —
A. Congo
B. Zambezi
C. Niger
D. Nile
Answer: D

The savannah vegetation is most suitable for the rearing of —
A. goats
B. pigs
C. cattle
D. poultry
Answer: C
The boundary line separating one drainage basin from another is known as —
A. meander
B. watershed
C. delta
D. estuary
Answer: B
The movement of people from rural to urban areas is known as —
A. emigration
B. immigration
C. urbanization
D. rural-urban migration
Answer: D
Which of the following rivers flows into the Atlantic Ocean?
A. River Nile
B. River Congo
C. River Niger
D. River Volta
Answer: C
Which of the following is not a component of the environment?
A. Atmosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Hydrosphere
D. Bioscope
Answer: D
Which of the following towns is a major seaport in Nigeria?
A. Abuja
B. Kaduna
C. Warri
D. Enugu
Answer: C
The horizontal distance between two points divided by the vertical interval is called —
A. gradient
B. contour
C. scale
D. elevation
Answer: A
The revolution of the earth causes —
A. day and night
B. moon phases
C. seasons
D. tides
Answer: C
The area where two tectonic plates move away from each other is called a —
A. fault zone
B. convergent boundary
C. divergent boundary
D. transform fault
Answer: C
Which of the following instruments measures wind direction?
A. Barometer
B. Wind vane
C. Hygrometer
D. Rain gauge
Answer: B
The longest river in West Africa is —
A. River Benue
B. River Congo
C. River Senegal
D. River Niger
Answer: D
The Earth is tilted on its axis by —
A. 15°
B. 23½°
C. 45°
D. 90°
Answer: B
The zone of high temperature and rainfall throughout the year is the —
A. equatorial region
B. tropical grassland
C. Mediterranean zone
D. temperate forest
Answer: A
An extensive treeless plain with permanently frozen ground is known as —
A. steppe
B. tundra
C. savannah
D. desert
Answer: B
In map reading, features that are man-made are shown in —
A. green
B. black
C. blue
D. red
Answer: B
The scale of 1:100,000 means that —
A. 1cm on the map represents 100,000km
B. 1km on the map represents 100,000km
C. 1cm on the map represents 1km
D. 1cm on the map represents 1,000m
Answer: D
A population pyramid shows —
A. vegetation distribution
B. settlement hierarchy
C. age and sex distribution
D. rainfall variation
Answer: C
Which of the following zones has the lowest temperature?
A. Equatorial
B. Temperate
C. Polar
D. Tropical
Answer: C
What is the compass bearing of due east?
A. 90°
B. 180°
C. 0°
D. 270°
Answer: A
The direction of river flow can best be determined by —
A. height of contour lines
B. compass rose
C. closeness of buildings
D. density of vegetation
Answer: A
Which of the following supports the development of settlements?
A. Harsh climate
B. Fertile soil
C. High mountain ranges
D. Dense forest
Answer: B
An area of inland drainage is one where —
A. rivers flow into lakes or disappear
B. rivers enter the ocean directly
C. rainfall is constant
D. no rivers exist
Answer: A
An isolated hill with steep sides and a flat top is a —
A. mesa
B. plateau
C. volcano
D. dune
Answer: A
The measurement of rainfall is carried out using a —
A. barometer
B. hygrometer
C. rain gauge
D. wind vane
Answer: C
What is the main cause of tides on Earth?
A. Earth’s rotation
B. Sun’s radiation
C. Moon’s gravitational pull
D. Ocean currents
Answer: C
Which type of erosion forms V-shaped valleys?
A. Wind erosion
B. Marine erosion
C. River erosion
D. Glacial erosion
Answer: C
Population density is calculated by dividing —
A. area by total population
B. population by area
C. births by deaths
D. towns by villages
Answer: B
The line that joins places of equal temperature is called —
A. isobar
B. isohyet
C. isotherm
D. contour
Answer: C
Which of the following activities is common in desert areas?
A. Crop farming
B. Nomadic herding
C. Lumbering
D. Commercial fishing
Answer: B
The type of rainfall caused by air blowing over mountains is —
A. frontal rainfall
B. cyclonic rainfall
C. orographic rainfall
D. conventional rainfall
Answer: C

NECO Geography 2025/2026 Objective and Practical/Physical Geography Questions and Answers

SECTION B: Practical / Physical Geography Questions

Instructions: Answer four (4) questions. Use diagrams where necessary. All questions carry equal marks.

Question 1: Map Reading and Interpretation

Given a topographical map extract:
(a) Identify three physical features on the map.
(b) Measure the straight-line distance between Point A and Point B in kilometers.
(c) Calculate the bearing of Point B from Point A.
(d) Determine the direction of river flow on the map and support your answer.

Question 2: Weather and Climate

(a) Define the following:
(i) Climate
(ii) Weather
(b) Mention three elements of weather and instruments used to measure them.
(c) Discuss any two factors that influence climate.

Question 3: Rocks and Landforms

(a) State the three major types of rocks.
(b) Describe how each rock type is formed.
(c) Give two examples of each type of rock found in Nigeria.

Question 4: Earth Processes

(a) Define the term “earthquake.”
(b) Explain the following:
(i) Faulting
(ii) Folding
(iii) Vulcanicity
(c) Highlight two effects of any one of the processes above.

Question 5: River Processes and Landforms

(a) Identify three stages of a river.
(b) State one characteristic feature of each stage.
(c) With the aid of a diagram, describe the formation of an ox-bow lake.

Question 6: Population and Settlement Geography

(a) What is population density?
(b) Differentiate between rural and urban settlements.
(c) State three factors that influence the distribution of population.

NECO 2025/2026 Geography Examination

SECTION A: Objective Questions (1–50)